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I mean, yeah, I'd prefer ZFS but, unless I am missing something, it is a massive pain to add disks to an existing pool. You have to buy a new set of disks and create a new pool to transition from RAID z1 to z2. That's basically the only reason it fails the criteria I have. I think I'd also prefer erasure encoding instead of z2, but it seems like regular scrub operations could keep it reliable.
BTRFS sounds like it has too many footguns for me, and its raid5/6 equivalents are "not for production at this time."
LVM, mdraid, dm-crypt? LVM will let you make volumes and pools of basically any shape or size.
"As easy as buying four same-sized disks all at once" is kinda missing the point.
How do I migrate data from the existing z1 to the z2? And then how can I re-add the disks that were in z1 after I have moved the data? Buy yet another disk and add a z2 vdev with my now 4 disks, I guess. Unless it is possible to format and add them to the new z2?
If the vdevs are not all the same redundancy level am I right that there's no guarantee which level of redundancy any particular file is getting?
You end up wasting a ton of space though because each vdev has its own parity drives.
Yep I feel this way.
No point in pricing a single HDD because I'm shooting for parity on every vdev I spin up.
Fair enough, it does add a good chunk of power usage though as HDDs are pretty power heavy at 5-7W or so.
No matter what setup you use, if you want redundancy, it'll cost space. In a perfect world, 30% waste would allow you to lose up to 30% of your disk space and still be OK.
..but that extra percentage of used space is the intrinsic cost.