this post was submitted on 13 Dec 2024
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Sometimes the freeze might be in the display manager. Eg xorg or your wayland compositor has crashed.
In that case, you can use keyboard controls to change tty and fall back to a text interface. I think it's ctrl + alt + Fn$number, where $number will correspond to the tty you want. Most graphical sessions launch on tty2, so you would use crtl + alt + F1 to switch to tty1.
From there you can log in and use terminal commands to launch a new gui session, or to try and debug what went wrong. Generally, I've only had freezing issues on Linux when my GPU is dying. There was also a period where my work computer didn't have enough swap space. It would freeze whenever I tried to compile code during a video call.
Since I am still quite new to Linux, is swap space referring to swap RAM?
swap space is a dedicated place on your hard drive that the OS throws stuff to when there isn't enough ram for everything. this is called swapping. since the hard drive is involved, swapping can slow things down a lot. if you get close to filling both ram and swap space, the machine starts shedding load by killing programs.