I've noticed this behavior outside Voyager as well.
After I logged into the Lemmy instance on which the OP was hosted (which happened to be the instance on which I was logged into Voyager), I noticed there was a language drop down menu from which I could choose a language that describes the language of my comment.
It's not populated with languages if I only select 'undetermined' in my account, the drop down meny only allowed 'undetermined'. When I selected all possible languages, the drop down menu showed all those options.
When I chose 'undetermined' I couldn't post a comment in the web-interface either. But after I chose the language of the OP, the comment could be submitted. After that, the comments on the same OP could be submitted from Voyager as well.
I think there's something strange going on with Lemmy and/or instance settings.