A little update on this topic.
3 months. That's how long the system was running without anyone noticing. Sadly, the company security team noticed that my laptop tried to connect to a tor node, which is not allowed according to company policies, and I was asked to re-install my laptop since I had no idea what on my machine did it. If I am to be connected to their intranet, it needs to be a windows box, so they can see what is doing what on their network. Which is fine. I get that. If I want to keep running Linux I can use their guest wifi network, which they don't care about at all. The problem is, the printer mentioned in the OP is on the intranet and only reachable on that.
So until there's a way to reach that printer without being on the intranet, I am forced to run Windows.
The company is working towards NIS2 compliance, which means the device has to run Microsoft Intune/Company portal and the Defender Endpoint. Which is possible on Linux, but they have no Intune policies for Linux yet, so that has to wait for that too.