skullgiver

joined a long while ago

It's not really that strange. Pick any country and there's a good chance half the population remembers the time there was a literal monopoly on things like telecoms and television (either exclusively privatised or state-run). Even in countries where the phone system was almost completely privatised, there was a good chance that hooking up a phone that wasn't made by the phone company was a criminal offence (or at the very least would provide reason to permanently disconnect your house).

Telephone cables are (well, should be) public utilities. The electromagnetic spectrum is shared as well. From the fiber optic lines underground to the antennae on large poles, all levels of government are involved in any kind of telecommunication system. If the government doesn't want any of that (like when the Soviets aborted plans for a pseudo-internet out of fear of information spread), then it's pretty much disallowed by default.

The current situation most countries find themselves in when it comes to telecoms, where governments allow just about every citizen to freely communicate over a variety of communication providers, is something extremely recent. Factor in encrypted communications that weren't backdoored by the government, and we've got about 10-20 years of history.

[–] skullgiver@popplesburger.hilciferous.nl 5 points 22 hours ago (1 children)

Dit kan alleen maar de bedoeling zijn van de BBB. Ze zijn tegen het concept van veestapelvermindering, dus door zo veel mogelijk onzekerheid en spanning te creëren rond de plannen die we al hadden, wordt het bestaande werk van politici die wel iets nuttigs willen doen langzaam ongedaan gemaakt. Met een beetje geluk worden de boeren er boos van, kunnen ze weer lekker wegen blokkeren, dat heeft de BBB eerder ook al aan de macht geholpen!

Two possible reasons here:

  1. Discord is blocking Nord from password reset links on a network level (probably because VPN servers are second only to Tor when it comes to malicious traffic). Frankly, I would've expected a CAPTCHA page instead, but it's technically possible for an error to show up that way. You can try bypassing it by manually editing the address to make sure it starts with https.

  2. Your VPN is actively trying to sslstrip you. Aside from the whole "that's literally a crime people go to prison for" thing, that means you cannot ever trust that VPN again. Just because Discord bothered to secure their website doesn't mean other apps do. You may already have been hacked if that is the case.

I'd be extremely cautious with VPN software because you're essentially trusting them to be your ISP. If they're doing permanent 40% off deals or (god forbid) sponsoring YouTubers, you should never trust them. It's both funny and depressing how companies like PIA and Nord somehow convinced everyone that VPNs make your internet more secure while also not getting people to think for even a second about how much they trust these shady ass Caiman Island tax dodge scheme companies.

[–] skullgiver@popplesburger.hilciferous.nl 9 points 1 week ago (1 children)

De wetenschap zit vol met internationale samenwerkingen tussen wetenschappers. Projecten kunnen (deels) door Amerika betaald worden zonder dat wetenschappers direct in dienst zijn. Aangezien de Amerikanen de afgelopen honderd jaar nogal hebben geïnvesteerd in dingen als hun geologische dienst en hun maritieme onderzoek, zijn veel landen van samenwerking afhankelijk om productieve wetenschap te bedrijven.

Onderzoeken die vele jaren lopen, kunnen abrupt stop worden gezet als data en eventueel geld door de Amerikanen wordt afgesneden. Met de huidige politieke mix verwacht ik ook niet dat de Nederlandse overheid het potentiële geldtekort voor gaat schieten. Ik vrees dat dit voor een heel stel Nederlandse wetenschappers gaat betekenen "meewerken of je onderzoek stopzetten".

MLS is designed to support that use case, but the spec to actually intercommunicate between services is still being developed by the MIMI group. MIMI is the logical but entirely optional extension of MLS.

I don't think carriers will want random chat apps to send messages for free to their infrastructure for spam prevention alone. Companies like Element and Wire are probably going all in on this, but Signal doesn't even want you to use clients they didn't compile, let alone federate between services.

I believe WhatsApp has chosen to license its API in a documented fashion rather than implement a cross platform messaging protocol after they were forced to open up by the DMA. That said, there are a bunch of Facebook emails in the MIMI protocol discussions, so at least one of their messengers may still end up implementing MIMI when it's finally finished.

H1-B is a great boon for the American economy and it'd be absolutely idiotic to get rid of it, but the current American government runs on a platform of xenophobia, racism, and plain lies. They're stupid enough to kick out all the illegal residents that harvest the crops and take care of trades, so I don't see why they wouldn't be stupid enough to end the programs that essentially bring in cheap, highly-educated labour into the country.

I know Elon is profiting massively of H-1B, but that doesn't mean there won't be some kind of special exception for Elon's companies. The current government is also getting rid of electric chargers along federal roads, while at the same time peddling Teslas at the white house.

As for a source rather than a generic feeling: Project 2025's handbook, basically a step-by-step guide of what the current American leadership is working on, page 150, mentions H-1B reform as a goal:

H-1B reform. Transform the program into an elite mechanism exclusively to bring in the “best and brightest” at the highest wages while simultaneously ensuring that U.S. workers are not being disadvantaged by the program. H-1B is a means only to supplement the U.S. economy and to keep companies competitive, not to depress U.S. labor markets artificially in certain industries.

Read to me like they're trying to restrict H-1B to what it was originally intended to be: supplementing highly-educated labour where necessary, rather than allowing tech companies to cheaply import labour from poorer countries. Thing is, the US doesn't need that much extra highly-educated labour in fields like computer science. When I see these people write down "reform", I interpret that as "completely tearing down and replacing whatever was there with a new system".

[–] skullgiver@popplesburger.hilciferous.nl 5 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (3 children)

If you're in the US, you're probably right. After the cancerous growth VC companies dumped the unused software people they hired for no reason other than paper growth, the market showed it's not as desaturated as statistics would make it seem.

On the other hand:

  • H1-B is a political tool, and I doubt that visa still exists by the end of the year. Plus, the people coming in on H1-B visas are still software developers. They're just from another country.

  • The software already built is good enough

    I have worked at several companies whose terrible, buggy software sold like hot cakes because the competitors were even worse. General consumer software and apps may be pretty saturated, but B2B is an unending race to the bottom, racing for "better than before without being much more expensive".

  • Destruction of the public sector

    Helps not to be American. Or if you are, look for software jobs in defence.

  • AI is going to change the industry for sure. Lots of dumb framework copy/pasting jobs are going to disappear, but among the mess people with actual knowledge are going to be incredibly valuable.

I do expect programmer careers to start paying out significantly less over the coming times, but mostly if you're used to the ridiculously high wages software development pays in the US.

I've found a new software dev job within biking distance in less than three weeks, after submitting my CV a total of three times. The B2B sector is still growing.

[–] skullgiver@popplesburger.hilciferous.nl 2 points 1 week ago (1 children)

How is performance in has-text() these days? Last time I checked it was slow enough that I didn't bother adding it to things like ad blockers because it bogged down websites.

 

Lemmy.world is gedefedereerd van feddit.nl. Dit heeft als gevolg dat inhoud (posts, comments) niet meer tussen de twee servers wordt gesynchroniseerd.

Omdat Lemmy ietwat apartwerkt, kun je vanaf feddit.nl nog wel in de lokale kopie van de gemeenschappen op .world plaatsen, maar die berichten zullen niet aankomen op .world en alle servers die daarop zitten aangesloten.

 

Nederland moet zich de komende tien jaar aan strengere stikstofeisen houden dan nu nog gelden. Beschermde natuurgebieden hebben meer last van stikstof dan gedacht, blijkt uit onderzoek van de Wageningen Universiteit in opdracht van het ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit (LNV). Aan de hand van dat onderzoek worden iedere tien jaar stikstofnormen vastgesteld.

Het gaat om de zogenoemde KDW, de Kritische Depositiewaarde. Dat is de maximale hoeveelheid stikstof die een natuurgebied aan kan zonder dat de natuur er verslechtert.

De NOS berichtte vorig jaar al over een uitgebreid internationaal onderzoek waaruit bleek dat de bestaande stikstofnormen niet streng genoeg zijn. Nederlandse wetenschappers hebben nu onderzocht wat de uitkomsten van dat internationale onderzoek betekenen voor de Nederlandse stikstofnormen.

Gemiddeld mag in natuurgebieden de komende jaren zo'n 7 procent minder stikstof neerkomen dan tot nu toe, met uitschieters tot 36 procent.

De NOS legde de nieuwe normen op de kaart van de stikstofgevoelige natuurgebieden in Nederland. Daaruit blijkt dat in bijna 47 procent van de gebieden de normen strenger worden. Een kleine 3 procent krijgt juist minder strenge normen. Voor de rest verandert niets.

In deze natuurgebieden worden de stikstofnormen strenger

De afgelopen jaren kwam er veel te veel stikstof neer in stikstofgevoelige natuurgebieden, waardoor de natuur achteruitgaat.

Doordat ons land niet binnen de wetenschappelijk vastgestelde stikstofgrenzen blijft, mag er ook vaak niet gebouwd worden. Om weer ruimte te krijgen voor nieuwe bouwvergunningen en de natuur te herstellen, hoopt de de overheid de komende jaren duizenden boeren te laten stoppen met hun bedrijf in ruil voor een financiële vergoeding.

Het demissionaire kabinet wil dat in 2030 in 74 procent van de stikstofgevoelige natuurgebieden niet langer te veel stikstof neerkomt. Nu de stikstofnormen strenger worden, wordt het moeilijker om dat te halen.

Reactie minister Van der Wal

Minister Van der Wal (Natuur en Stikstof) noemt de nieuwe cijfers "zorgwekkend voor de natuur en voor iedereen die zo hard werkt aan onze gezamenlijke opgaven om de natuur te herstellen". "Door de nieuwe wetenschappelijke inzichten is onze opgave helaas groter geworden."

Ook is het volgens de minister "vervelend nieuws voor iedereen die behoefte heeft aan vergunningsruimte". Van der Wal laat het RIVM onderzoeken of er naast het huidige beleid meer nodig is. Verder wil ze meer onderzoek naar een alternatief voor de KDW voor het bepalen van de stikstofnormen.

Er is al geruime tijd kritiek op de KDW, de stikstofnorm die wordt gehanteerd. Veel politieke partijen willen van de grenswaarde af, omdat die niet flexibel is. Ook het kabinet zoekt een alternatief, maar tot nu toe is dat niet gevonden. Zolang het er niet is, blijven rechters de KDW gebruiken als ze bijvoorbeeld moeten oordelen of een bouwproject door kan gaan.

De wetenschappers van de Universiteit van Wageningen keren zich in hun rapport tegen de kritiek op de KDW. "Met nadruk zij gesteld dat de in dit rapport uitgevoerde KDW-schattingen aan de conservatieve kant zijn," schrijven ze. Als dit onderzoek over tien jaar weer wordt uitgevoerd, zou dat volgens een andere, strengere methode moeten gebeuren, vinden de betrokken wetenschappers.

Hoe wordt de KDW bepaald?

Wetenschappers berekenden in 2008 aan de hand van een model wat de maximale stikstofneerslag in verschillende types natuur zou moeten zijn. De getallen die daaruit kwamen, werden naast Europese normen gelegd. Die Europese normen zijn altijd een bandbreedte, gebaseerd op waarnemingen in de natuur van wetenschappers.

Stel dat die Europese bandbreedte 13 tot 15 is, terwijl het model uitkwam op 20, dan wordt de Nederlandse grenswaarde automatisch 15. Binnen de Europese grens dus, maar zo dicht mogelijk bij het oorspronkelijke Nederlandse getal.

Niet het oorspronkelijke Nederlandse getal, maar de Europese bandbreedte is nu aangepast. Daardoor veranderen dus ook een groot aantal Nederlandse grenswaardes.

 

After setting up my own Lemmy server, I've been intrigued by the server logs. I was surprised to see some search engines already start to crawl my instances despite it having very little content.

I've noticed that most requests seem to come in from IPv4 addresses, despite my server having both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address. This made me wonder.

IPv4 addresses are getting more scarce by the day and large parts of the world have to share an IPv4 address to get access to older websites. This often leads to unintended fallout, such as thousands of people getting blocked by an IP ban from a site admin that doesn't know any better, as well as anti-DDoS providers throwing up annoying CAPTCHA pages because of bad traffic coming from the shared IP address. Furthermore, hosting a Lemmy server of your own is impossible behind a shared IP address, so IPv6 is the only option.

IPv6 is the clear way forward. However, many people haven't configured IPv6 for their hosts. People running their own Lemmy instances behind an IPv6 address won't be able to federate with those servers, and that's a real shame.

Looking into it

So, I whipped up this quick Python script:

import requests
import sys
import socket
from progress.bar import Bar

lemmy_host = sys.argv[1]

site_request = requests.get(f"https://{lemmy_host}/api/v3/site").json()

hosts = site_request['federated_instances']['linked']

ipv4_only = []
ipv6_only = []
both = []
error = []

with Bar('Looking up hosts', max=len(hosts)) as bar:
    for host in hosts:
        host = host.strip()

        try:
            dns = socket.getaddrinfo(host, 443)
        except socket.gaierror:
            error.append(host)

        has_ipv4 = False
        has_ipv6 = False
        for entry in dns:
            (family, _, _, _, _) = entry

            if family == socket.AddressFamily.AF_INET:
                has_ipv4 = True
            elif family == socket.AddressFamily.AF_INET6:
                has_ipv6 = True

        if has_ipv4 and has_ipv6:
            both.append(host)
        elif has_ipv4:
            ipv4_only.append(host)
        elif has_ipv6:
            ipv6_only.append(host)
        else:
            error.append(host)
        
        bar.message = f"Looking up hosts (B:{len(both)} 4:{len(ipv4_only)} 6:{len(ipv6_only)} E:{len(error)})"
        bar.next()

print(f"Found {len(both)} hosts with both protocols, {len(ipv6_only)} hosts with IPv6 only, and {len(ipv4_only)} outdated hosts, failed to look up {len(error)} hosts")

This script fetches the instances a particular Lemmy server federates with (ignoring the blocked hosts) and then looks all of them up through DNS. It shows you the IPv4/IPv6 capabilities of the servers federating with your server.

I've run the script against a few popular servers and the results are in:

Results

Server IPv6 + IPv4 IPv6 only IPv4 Error Total
Lemmy.ml 1340 3 1903 215 3461
Beehaw.org 807 0 1105 74 1986
My server 202 0 312 4 518

A bar chart of the table above

A pie chart of the results for Lemmy.nl

A pie chart for the results for Beehaw.org

A pie chart for the results for my server

It seems that over half (55%+) the servers on the Fediverse aren't reachable over IPv6!

I'm running my own server, what can I do?

Chances are you've already got an IPv6 address on your server. All you need to do is find out what it is (ip address show in Linux), add an AAAA record in your DNS entries, and enable IPv6 in your web server of choice (i.e. listen [::]:443 in Nginx). Those running a firewall may need to allow traffic through IPv6 as well, but many modern firewalls treat whitelist entries the same these days.

Some of you may be running servers on networks that haven't bothered implementing IPv6 yet. There are still ways to get IPv6 working!

Getting IPv6 through Tunnelbroker

If you've got a publicly reachable IPv4 address that can be pinged from outside, you can use Hurricane Electric's Tunnelbroker to get an IPv6 range, free of charge! You get up to five tunnels per account (each tunnel with a full /64 network) and a routed /48 network for larger installations, giving you up to 65k subnets to play with!

There are lots of guides out there, some for PfSense, some for Linux, some for Windows; there's probably one for your OS of choice.

Getting IPv6 behind CGNAT

Getting an IPv6 network through a tunnelbroker service behind CGNAT is (almost) impossible. Many ISPs that employ CGNAT already provide their customers with IPv6 networks, but some of them are particularly cheap, especially consumer ISPs.

It's still possible to get IPv6 into your network through a VPN, but for serving content you'll need a server with IPv6 access. You can get a free cloud server from various cloud providers to get started. An easy way forward may be to host your server in the cloud, but if you've got a powerful server at home, you can just use the free server for its networking capabilities.

Free servers are available from all kinds of providers, such as Amazon(free for a year), Azure(free for a year), Oracle(free without time limit). Alternatively, a dedicated VPS with IPv6 capabilities can be as cheap as $4-5 per month if you shop around.

You can install a VPN server on your cloud instance, like Wireguard, and that will allow you to use the cloud IPv6 address at home. Configure the VPN to assign an IPv6 address and to forward traffic, and you've got yourself an IPv6 capable server already!

There are guides online about how to set up such a system. This gist will give you the short version.

Final notes

It should be noted that this is a simple analysis based on server counts alone. Most people flock to only a few servers, so most Lemmy users should be able to access IPv6 servers. However, in terms of self hosting, these things can matter!

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