I would recommend that you bring in someone with experience instead of trying to wing it. It sounds like you are trying to bypass your IT department which is never a good idea. Talk to the people who control the Chromebooks.
What you are looking for is virtual desktop. It will cost money but it is worth it in the end. I would highly recommend that you take a look at Azure virtual desktop or related services. It is all cloud based and it is likely what you are after.
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