perestroika

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[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 5 points 6 days ago* (last edited 6 days ago)

The concept is new to me, so I'm a bit challenged to give an opinion. I will try however.

In some systems, software can be isolated from the real world in a nice sandbox with no unexpected inputs. If a clear way of expressing what one really wants is available, and more convenient than a programming language, I believe a well-trained and self-critical AI (capable of estimating its probability of success at a task) will be highly qualified to write that kind of software, and tell when things are doubtful.

The coder may not understand the code, though, which is something I find politically unacceptable. I don't want a society where people don't understand how their systems work.

It could even contain a logic bomb and nobody would know. Even the AI which wrote it may tomorrow fail to understand it, after the software has become sufficiently unique through customization. So, there's a risk that the software lacks even a single qualified maintainer.

Meanwhile some software is mission critical - if it fails, something irreversible happens in the real world. This kind of software usually must be understood by several people. New people must be capable of coming to understand it through review. They must be able to predict its limitations, give specifications for each subsystem and build testing routines to detect introduction of errors.

Mission critical software typically has a close relationship with hardware. It typically has sensors coming from the real world and effectors changing the real world. Testing it resembles doing electronical and physical experiments. The system may have undescribed properties that an AI cannot be informed about. It may be impossible to code successfully without actually doing those experiments, finding out the limitations and quirks of hardware, and thus it may be impossible for an AI to build from a prompt.

I'm currently building a drone system and I'm up to my neck in undocumented hardware interactions, but even a heating controller will encounter some. I don't think people will experience success in the near future with letting an AI build such systems for them. In principle it can. In principle, you can let an AI teach a robot dog to walk, and it will take only a few hours. But this will likely require giving it control of said robot dog, letting it run experiments and learn from outcomes. Which may take a week, while writing the code might have also taken a week. In the end, one code base will be maintainable, the other likely not.

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 2 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago)

A few hours later, the "few details" emerge:

But he suggested that Ukraine should neither rearm nor mobilise and that western military aid to Kyiv be halted during the 30-day ceasefire.

Some people probably say that "it was worth trying" (others would say it wasn't).

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 11 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago)

I don't know either, but I would rather use a proper agricultural sprayer with a proper tank and hose. You don't want to spend a century painting, liters per minute is what counts.

...as for effect, it would discourage subsequent use of tear gas, because the gas mask would need cleaning.

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 4 points 2 weeks ago

For starters, under the title link, you'll find The Guardian.

But I also warmly recommend the BBC. They are state-owned, but the UK has kept itself out of their business.

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 7 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (1 children)

The executive order in question is likely no. 14215, currently disputed in court by the DNC. Among other things, it says:

"(b) "Agency," unless otherwise indicated, means any authority of the United States that is an "agency" under 44 U.S.C. 3502(1), and shall also include the Federal Election Commission.

...and also...

The President and the Attorney General, subject to the President's supervision and control, shall provide authoritative interpretations of law for the executive branch. The President and the Attorney General's opinions on questions of law are controlling on all employees in the conduct of their official duties.

No employee of the executive branch acting in their official capacity may advance an interpretation of the law as the position of the United States that contravenes the President or the Attorney General's opinion on a matter of law, including but not limited to the issuance of regulations, guidance, and positions advanced in litigation, unless authorized to do so by the President or in writing by the Attorney General.

It's easy to foresee that he wants to alter the constitutional order and establish an authoritarian regime.

Some sound advise to people in the US:

  • observe what becomes of the legal challenges to this and other executive orders
  • see what political action you can take within established frameworks
  • get in touch and establish communications with like-minded people

If the situation worsens, you will benefit from secure communications between people, to hold your councils, make smarter decisions and organize action.

Also, some controversial advise:

  • if you're into tech, find a nice hobby involving something like drones, model planes, airships, tethered blimps, kites, rockets, RC cars, boats, subs or even stationary robots - something that is interesting and fits your budget (let's hope you'll use your skills for fun and wholesome things, but life could make corrections)

  • it also benefits to know your way around communications: how to participate in a mesh network, how to establish a radio link to some distance, how to lay single mode bare fiber between 2 points exceptionally fast

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 1 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (1 children)

Cali, norway, japan or south korea?

Estonia. And it's probably the only one in the capital, with two more in the country. Nothing serious so far, folks are just experimenting a little. There's supposedly a fuel cell powered self-driving minibus somewhere, but I haven't seen it.

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 3 points 3 weeks ago* (last edited 3 weeks ago) (3 children)

I mostly agree. I have seen a local hydrogen gas station and they had to invest a lot in safety measures.

I don't see hydrogen as a viable street transport fuel.

However, I think it could be a viable stationary turbine or ship fuel, and a viable ingredient for synthesized methane or synthesized alcohols (provided that a cheap input of CO2 or CO is available).

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 13 points 3 weeks ago* (last edited 3 weeks ago) (6 children)

The article itself provides the data to argue that it's sensationalist.

Hydrogen is therefore an indirect greenhouse gas with a global warming potential GWP of 5.8 over a 100-year time horizon. A future hydrogen economy would therefore have greenhouse consequences and would not be free from climate perturbations.

If a global hydrogen economy replaced the current fossil fuel-based energy system and exhibited a leakage rate of 1% then it would produce a climate impact of 0.6% of the current fossil fuel based system. If the leakage rate were 10%, then the climate impact would be 6% of the current system

P.S.

Nobody in their right mind will spend energy to manufacture a gas and then let 10% of it leak out unused.

Leak rates characteristic of fossil gas systems are related to the nature of fossil gas systems.

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 9 points 3 weeks ago* (last edited 3 weeks ago)

As far as today's news say, PKK has declared a ceasefire - they won't attack anyone unless attacked - and seems to be considering Öcalan's advise.

Even if Syrian Kurds correctly note that it doesn't have anything to do with them specifically, I think it indirectly has much to do with the fall of Bashar al Assad's regime in Syria, and negotiations to put together a new form of Syria.

I imagine (I could be wrong) that Kurdish people might have concluded that:

  • the alliance of Rojava with the US is unlikely to last under Trump's presidency
  • Trump is unlikely to restrain Erdogan from pursuing offensive action
  • Turkey is also no longer restrained by of the rest of Syria, which is in disarray

They might have concluded that it benefits to negotiate for peace. One of Turkey's foremost excuses for attacking Kurds has been the PKK. If the PKK agrees to dissolve, the excuse is gone and unless another excuse is found - maybe war will stop for a while.

Erdogan remains the same of course, but the geopolitical situation could be new for him too, since Trump could genuinely attempt to appease Russia and abandon Ukraine, while the rest of NATO could genuinely attempt to replace the United States and double its support for Ukraine. As a result, the Black Sea region could see changes in the balance of power.

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 3 points 3 weeks ago* (last edited 3 weeks ago)

If one uses a disco laser or laser pointer in the visible wavelength range, it's hard to inflict permanent blindness with it. During the time it would take to inflict thermal damage to the retina, reflexes kick in and the person looking into a laser will close their eye and turn their head.

Occurrences of permanent blindness are rare. This study, even if a bit old (2015) introduces the topic with helpful case reports, for example:

Two young soldiers (Cases 1 and 2) aged 27 and 28 years respectively, serving in the Oman army, projected penlight like devices emanating bright blue-green light into each others eyes (left eye for Case number 1 and right eye for Case number 2) for about 5–10 s. They competed with each other to determine who could bear the light longer while celebrating the success of a local football game.

Basically, they did the utmost stupidity: forcing oneself to stare into a laser at close range. They paid a price and damaged their vision, but didn't go blind from it.

Of course, it's a different story with cutting and engraving lasers, and lasers outside the visible wavelengths - you can stare into those without any reflexes helping avoid damage. The same article mentions another source, reporting about a guy (also military) who looked into a high-power range finder and perforated his fovea (the area where high-resolution vision occurs). It was most likely an infrared laser.

So, be careful but disco lasers won't strike a person blind.

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 2 points 3 weeks ago* (last edited 3 weeks ago)

A fun question for you: can a worker in China start an independent trade union?

The answer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_relations_in_China

Independent unions are illegal in China with only the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) permitted to operate.

China is a mostly capitalist country with the state owning a lot of capital, and a "communist" party deciding without a mandate from people. But it retains some features of socialist policy.

In year 2021, Beijing was the city with the biggest number of billionaires living there (later, Mumbai took over).

If you take the list of countries by income inequality, you will see that China has greater inequality than most of neighbouring countries, and most of Europe.

Some Gini indexes of Asian countries, more equal first (source: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research):

  • Kazakhstan 27.79
  • Pakistan 29.59
  • Taiwan 32.58
  • Mongolia 32.74
  • South Korea 33.10
  • Japan 33.40
  • China 36.67
  • India 37.06

Some highlights from other continents:

  • Ukraine 25.63
  • Poland 28.56
  • Canada 28.80
  • Sweden 30.08
  • France 31.63
  • Egypt 31.89
  • Switzerland 33.82
  • UK 34.24
  • Russia 36.03
  • USA 39.79
  • Turkey 42.60
  • Mexico 44.01
  • Zimbabwe 50.26

Going by the Gini index, China has a lot in common with the USA and its closest matches among big countries are Russia and India.

[–] perestroika@slrpnk.net 2 points 3 weeks ago* (last edited 3 weeks ago) (1 children)

China is a democracy.

Yes, the Republic of China appears to be a democracy.

About the People's Republic of China, we can read in Wikipedia:

A movement for increased democracy and liberalization stalled after the Tiananmen Square protests and massacre in 1989.

So, we read that democracy never came.

China is a unitary one-party socialist republic led by the CCP.

So, we read that only one party is allowed to exist and rule. We also read about CCP propaganda, which I think you have consumed too much:

The PRC officially terms itself as a democracy, using terms such as "socialist consultative democracy",[186] and "whole-process people's democracy".[187] However, the country is commonly described as an authoritarian one-party state and a dictatorship,[188][189] with among the heaviest restrictions worldwide in many areas, most notably against freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, free formation of social organizations, freedom of religion and free access to the Internet.[190]

I should note that according to its own words, the People's Democratic Republic of Korea (North Korea) is also a "democracy", even if its passing of power among the Kim family resembles a hereditary monarchy. If you take words and slogans at their face value, you'll be easily mislead.

P.S.

little one

Don't troll. Also, don't spread disinformation.

 

Finnish interview: over here.

Update: I'm a fool, they have an English version, it is here.

~~English translation: over here on Riseup Share.~~

(For ease of reading, one can click "View in browser", it should display as a plain text file.)

Summary: a Finnish-language anarchist website published an interview with Ksusha, a member in the Solidarity Collectives network in Ukraine.

I found the interview informative of the situation they have, and wanted to share. However, Finnish is as good as encryption to most people, so I translated it to English.

Since I think Lemmy does not support posting long texts in post summaries or comments, I uploaded the translation to RiseUp Share.

I hope authors forgive that I've not contacted them to ask for permission, because I don't have their contacts, although eventually I must find a way to contact Solidarity Collectives on another matter. The interview in Finnish was also published in the magazine "Kapinatyöläinen" ("rebel worker"), issue 61.

 

A short summary: contrary to widespread opinion, the brain of a typical person is not sterile, but inhabited with microbes that have health effects.

 

This is not just a "happy birthday" post for Linux, but also a reminder that despite it becoming big and professional, the freedom to tinker with Linux remains accessible.

I had to use this freedom recently when I discovered that V4L video pipelines could buffer up to 32 frames both on the encoder and decoder (unacceptable, we demand minimum latency!) so it was again time to recompile the kernel. :)

My previous time to recompile parts of Linux had been a week ago. Some hacker had discovered a way of tricking their WiFi card beyond the legally permitted power - with what I understand as thermal compensation settings. Wanting to taste the sweet extra milliwatts, I noticed that nobody was packaging that driver as a binary, so the only way to get it was to patch and recompile its kernel module.

Finally of course, thanks to Linux we have countless open-source drivers and if you want to venture onto the path that Linus Torvalds took - of building an operating system - congratulations, you have less obstacles in your way. :) Some people have taken this path with the Circle project and you can compile your homebrew and bare-metal kernel for a Raspberry Pi with reasonable effort, and it can even draw on the screen, write to serial ports and flip GPIO lines without reverse-engineering anyone's trade secrets. :)

 

In the article, researchers modeled the passage of the solar system through the galactic interstellar medium, components of which move at differing velocities and orbits.

They found that approximately 2-3 megayears ago, the solar system most likely entered a cloud of mainly cold hydrogen, and the density of the cloud was such that it should have considerably compressed the heliosphere (Sun's bubble of radiation and fields). Earth would have been outside the heliosphere either permanently or periodically. Currently the heliosphere ends far beyond the most distant planet, at approximately 130 Earth-Sun distances (astronomical units).

This would have greatly subdued the influence of solar wind on Earth, at the same time exposing the planet to interstellar cosmic rays. It is further speculated that studies which analyze Earth climate during the aforementioned period may benefit from accounting for this possibility.

Researchers sought confirmation for their model from geological records and found some, in the isotope content of iron and plutonium in sediments: iron 60 and plutonium 244 aren't produced by processes on Earth, so an influx would mean that solar wind no longer sufficed to beat back interstellar gas and dust (the latter containing radioisotopes from supernova explosions).

"By studying geological radioisotopes on Earth, we can learn about the past of the heliosphere. 60Fe is predominantly produced in supernova explosions and becomes trapped in interstellar dust grains. 60Fe has a half-life of 2.6 Myr, and 244Pu has a half-life of 80.7 Myr. 60Fe is not naturally produced on Earth, and so its presence is an indicator of supernova explosions within the last few (~10) million years. 244Pu is produced through the r-process that is thought to occur in neutron star mergers22. Evidence for the deposition of extraterrestrial 60Fe onto Earth has been found in deep-sea sediments and ferromanganese crusts between 1.7 and 3.2 Ma (refs. 23,24,25,26,27), in Antarctic snow [28] and in lunar samples [29]. The abundances were derived from new high-precision accelerator mass spectrometry measurements. The 244Pu/60Fe influx ratios are similar at ~2 Ma, and there is evidence of a second peak at ~7 Ma (refs. 23,24)."

 

Background: yesterday, there was heated discussion in the thread "military-industrial complex is a supervillain of causing the climate crisis" (link).

Among others, the thread creator posted a comment to the Guardian article "The climate costs of war and militaries can no longer be ignored", commenting it thusly:

If you want more context or won’t take my word on how militarism will kill is all, you can read this article.

I replied, a copy of my reply is below for your judgement. My reply got moderated by someone with the reason "Comment does not address intent of original post and promotes weapons industry / war in Ukraine."

I think my comment both addressed the topic, did not promote the weapons industry but helping Ukraine defend itself (ironically, tools for military self-defense come from the weapons industry) and did not promote the war (in fact, I noted that war is expensive, resource-intensive and stupid), but did explain the dynamics of war and revolutions.

I consider this moderator misconduct, likely motivated by their political views - and have asked a server administrator to talk with the moderator involved, to ascertain if they can refrain from using moderator powers as a political club to hit people, or to secure their demotion from a moderating role.

The removed post, for your judgement:


The article is fine, and I second the recommendation to read it, but from the article to the slogan you present, things do not follow a logical path.

Yes, war is both an incredibly expensive activity (diverting money that could be used) and a resource-intensive activity (the money goes into actual materials that almost surely destroy something or get destroyed) and an incredibly stupid activity (and it can snowball)...

...but the problem is that successful unilateral disarmament during a war tends to result in a situation called "defeat". If the defeat is not an attack being defeated, but defense being defeated, that is called a "conquest". Now, letting a conquest succeed has a historical tendency of the conqueror having more experience at conquest, and more resources to conquer with... which has, several times in history, lead to another conquest or a whole series of conquests. A regional war in Ukraine resulting in Ukraine being taken over by Russia has a high probability of producing:

  1. a bigger regional war later, in which Russia, using its own resources and those of Ukraine, proceeds to another country, gets into a direct conflict with NATO and then indeed there is a risk of a global war
  1. an encouraging effect after which China, noting that international cooperation against the agressor was ultimately insufficient, and deeming itself better prepared than Russia, decides that it can take Taiwan with military force

However, a war ending with inability to show victory tends to produce a revolution in the invading country. For example, World War I produced a revolution in Russia and subsequently a revolution in Germany, with several smaller revolutions in between, empires collapsing and a brief bloom of democracy in Europe, before the Great Depression and the rise of fascism ate all the fruits. The Falklands War produced a revolution in Argentina. The Russo-Japanese war produced the 1905 near-revolution in Russia.

It is better for Ukraine to not get conquered. It is better for Russia to be unable to conquer Ukraine. That result is also better for everyone around them. It's even better globally because it sets a precedent of large-scale cooperation defeating an agressive superpower, discouraging agressive superpowers from undertaking similar wars until memory starts fading again.

Unfortunately, until we see indications that Russian society is getting ready to stop the war (this could involve starting negotiations on terms palatable to Ukraine, a change of leadership, a withdrawal, a revolution, etc)... the path to achieving that outcome remains wearing out the agressor: producing enough weapons and delivering them to Ukraine.

Ultimately, both sides in a war wear each other down. The soldiers most eager to fight are killed soonest. The people most unwilling to get mobilized or recruited, and soldiers most unwilling to fight - they remain alive. If they are pressed forever, some day they will make the calculation: there are less troops blocking the way home than in the trenches of the opposing side. After that realization, they eventually tend to mutiny. Invading troops tend to do that a bit easier than defending troops, because they sense less purpose in their activity. In the long run, if nothing else happens, that will happen. There is just (probably, regrettably) no particularly quick shortcut to getting there.

 

This article is about fixing, but with a twist - it's about fixing trains that their manufacturer sabotaged. :D

In Poland, it took the hacker crew "Dragon Sector" months of work to find a software "time bomb" that was sabotaging "Impuls" trains manufactured by Newag, once their maintenance was handed over to another company.

Let this be a reminder to everyone about closed source technology and critical infrastructure.

 

Living off grid often correlates with poorly accessible locations - because that's where the infrastructure is not.

On certain latitudes, especially near bodies of water, especially in remote locations - do not ask who the snow comes for - it always comes for you (and with a grudge). So, what ya gonna do?

Over here, a tractor being incomplete (it is great folly to go into winter with an incomplete tractor), snow is handled by an electric microcar. Since the microcar is made of thin sheet metal and plastic, it cannot carry a plow... but the rear axle being solid steel, it can pull one.

The plow is one year old, and was previously pulled by a gasoline car. It is made of construction steel: 8 mm L-profiles shaped like a letter A with double horizontal bars. The point of connection on top ensures it doesn't lift too much while plowing. It's currently fixed with an unprofessional and temporary C-clamp (there will be an U-bolt soon). It is pulled with a chain.

If snow is heavy, the L-profiles lift the plow on top of snow, and you have to plow the same road many times. Sometimes it veers off sideways. Generally, you have to catch the snow early with this system - if you're late, you're stuck. :)

Not many advantages, but dirt cheap. Don't go plowing public roads with such devices - it is nearly invisible to fellow drivers, and cops would get a seizure.

 

Some Chinese researchers have found a new catalyst for electrochemically reducing CO2. Multiple such catalysts are known, but so far, only copper favours reaction products with a carbon chain of at least 2 carbons (e.g. ethanol).

The new catalyst requires a specific arrangement of tin atoms on tin disulphate substrate, seems to work in a solution of potassium hydrogen carbonate (read: low temperature) and is 80% specific to producing ethanol - a very practical chemical feedstock and fuel.

The new catalyst seems stable enough (97% activity after 100 hours). Reaction rates that I can interpret into "good" or "bad" aren't found - it could be slow to work. The original is paywalled, a more detailed article can be found at:

Carbon-Carbon Coupling on a Metal Non-metal Catalytic Pair

Overall, it's nice to see some research into breaking down CO2 for energy storage, but there is nothing practical (industrial) on that front yet, only lab work.

 

To make no excessive claims, I have to admit I burnt a fair bit of wood during the night. In the morning however, around 9 o'clock, the solar fence (nominal power 2400 W) was giving 600 W and steaming vigorously. By 10 o'clock, it had thawed and gave 940 W. Later, other panel arrays took over and wattage decreased. The energy was used to run a heat pump.

P.S. Knowing that server resources aren't infinite, I hosted the image externally, I hope that hosting on "postimages.org" works smoothly.

 

To my knowledge, this is the second time a sample is returned from an asteroid to Earth - only preceded by Hayabusa-2 fetching a sample from asteroid Ryugu. The capsule has been found and the sample stabilized with nitrogen. Fetching the sample required 7 years, studying it will require a bit of time too.

It is too early to speculate whether interesting discoveries will follow, but Bennu is considered to be an interesting asteroid - likely not a break-up product, but something that represents the original composition of the solar system.

Bennu is also considered a hazardous space object, ranked high on the Palermo scale of impact risk and kinetic yield, so knowing what it's made of can be practically worthwhile.

More information here:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSIRIS-REx

 

The inverse vaccine, described in Nature Biomedical Engineering, takes advantage of how the liver naturally marks molecules from broken-down cells with “do not attack” flags to prevent autoimmune reactions to cells that die by natural processes.

PME researchers coupled an antigen — a molecule being attacked by the immune system— with a molecule resembling a fragment of an aged cell that the liver would recognize as friend, rather than foe. The team showed how the vaccine could successfully stop the autoimmune reaction associated with a multiple-sclerosis-like disease.

 

Most people would typically think than smelling a scent (unless it's a powerful poison or medicament) won't change much in a person's health... but apparently, a variation in the scent environment has effect on the human brain, especially if the person is already old and their senses are degrading. It has also been observed that viral infections damaging a person's olfactory nerves result in changes to the brain - with less input, the neural networks involved with scent tend to atrophy. Coinidentally, some neural networks involved with scent recognition are also involved with memory.

Prios studies already support the idea that training one's sense of smell helps older people avoid cognitive deterioration. This study brings highly significant statistical results and adds one bit - wakefulness is not required to benefit. Apparently, the stimulation a person receives from feeling different scents bypasses sleep (or maybe, even improves the quality of sleep).

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