Why not just get a "lensless" camera and pair it to your phone? Imo smartphones still have a way to go to be as fast as they need to be.
Still, if you're dead set, it seems a number of phones with 1 inch sensors are coming out, although it doesn't look like they're compatible with attachable lenses.
I'm a little disappointed that the center is a knife and fork instead of a hand pinching fingers together to make a point