A place for everything about math

Random thought on magic squares:

If I view the smallest possible non-trivial magic square

2 7 6
9 5 1
4 3 8

since its rows and diagnoals sum up to 2+5+8 = 2+7+6 = 4+5+6 = 2+9+4 = … = 15

in the article as a 3x3 Matrix, its determinant is Δ = -360 . Its inverse:

-37/360 19/180 23/360
17/90 1/45 -13/90
-7/360 -11/180 53/360

note how this is a magic square, rows and diagonals sum up to 1/15.

https://matrix.reshish.com/inverse.php

Now if you are really bored (I can not do this): proof that for any non trivial magic squares the inverse …

• exists (i.e. every non-trivial magic square has an inverse)
• is a magic square.

Isn't it just "composite"?

Every arrow in category can be composed, the set(or class or whatnot..) of that is composite.

Hello.

I am currently inventing a language, and have created a base 4 number system for it. Unfortunately, I am horrible with numbers, even in decimal. So it was a hard slog. But I finally got there.

It would be great if I could know of any practical applications quaternary has (if any), so I can incorporate it into the language and make it more naturalistic. Thanks.

I feel like this has to be a math/logic thing that has a name already and I wanna know what it's called so I can look it up when I'm no longer extremely drunk.

In this phone game the objective is to get all the people on all the same color floors with as few stops at any floor as possible. When the last few moves look like this, you just have to go through in the right order and only stop at each stop once (except the first/last floor).

But sometimes there's different little sub-sets of pairs inside the bigger set of pairs that are self-contained, and for each one of those there's another floor that has to be started and stopped on to complete that loop. That makes the minimum number of moves to solve: the sum of the number of pairs in both sub-sets together plus the number of subsets. (And only counting the number of pairs in both subsets because if one of the pairs is already matched it won't count for the moves).

So like these two are all one big continuous loop: A-E, B-A, C-B, D-C, E-D and A-B, B-E, C-A, D-C, E-D

And this one has one already matched leaving a single complete loop in need of matching: A-B, B-E, C-A, D-D, E-C

These ones, however, have two loops. one loop that's three floors long (four moves) and one that's two floors long (three moves): A-B, B-C, C-A, D-E, E-D and A-D, B-E, C-A, D-C, E-B

And these ones have one already matched pair, and two sub-sets of two that still need to be matched: A-B, B-A, C-C, D-E, E-D and A-D, B-B, C-E, D-A, E-C

What is this called?

@math The West Virginia University Provost's Office is recommending closing the MS and Ph.D. programs in Math. It is the *only* Ph.D. program in Math in the entire state, and about 10% of all WVU Ph.D.'s are in Math.

Please consider signing this petition to save the program: https://chng.it/yPZDTTsfBk

#ProtectWVUMath

Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set

Here are a bunch of other visualizations: I don't know how artistic or data-driven some of these are, but they look very interesting. I think the nebula-looking one measures how often a point is visited?

The Bulbic Mandelbrot Set

https://www.deviantart.com/metafractals/art/The-Bulbic-Mandelbrot-Set-811453986

A Nebulabrot

https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/89458/how-to-make-a-nebulabrot

BOINC is a free tool you can download to participate in several different math research projects. It runs on Windows, MacOS, Linux, and even Android. Each project gives you fun stats and graphs about your participation, many of them will even credit you individually for your discoveries (such as finding a new prime) on their website or in their published papers.

Here's a few of the projects available (emoji legend at bottom of post):

🏆💚❤️✖️✒️🔓 Amicable Numbers Independent research project that uses Internet-connected computers to find new amicable pairs. Currently searching the 10^20 range.

🎓🔓✖️ NFS@Home - Lattice sieving step in Number Field Sieve factorization of large integers. Many public key algorithms, including the RSA algorithm, rely on the fact that the publicly available modulus cannot be factored. If it is factored, the private key can be easily calculated.

🏆🎓💚❤️✖️🔓 Numberfields@home - Research in number theory. Number theorists can mine the data for interesting patterns to help them formulate conjectures about number fields.

🔓 ODLK1 - Building a database of canonical forms of diagonal Latin squares of the 10th order

🔓💚❤️ SRBase - Attempting to solve Sierpinski / Riesel Bases up to 1030.

🔓✖️PrimeGrid - Find new prime numbers!

Gerasim@home - research in discrete mathematics and logic control. Testing and comparison of heuristic methods for getting separations of parallel algorithms working in the CAD system for designing logic control systems

🔓✖️ Loda@home - LODA is an assembly language, a computational model, and a distributed tool for mining programs. You can use it to generate and search programs that compute integer sequences from the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences® (OEIS®). The goal of the project is to reverse engineer formulas and efficient algorithms for a wide range of non-trivial integer sequences.

🔓🎓Rakesearch - The enormous size of the diagonal Latin squares space makes it unfeasible to enumerate all its objects straightforwardly in reasonable time. So, in order to discover the structure of this space, sophisticated search methods are needed. In RakeSearch project, we implement an application that picks up separate pairs of mutually orthogonal DLSs, which allows to reconstruct full graphs of their orthogonality.

🔓✒️ Ramanujan machine - Discover new mathematical conjectures

Legend:

🔓 - Publishes data openly and regularly. Note many projects publish papers detailing the results of their work, this icon means that they regularly publish the source materials as well/the results of the computation in an open fashion.

🏆 - Credits individual crunchers for discoveries, such as finding a new black hole or prime number

🎓 - Sponsored by major university or research institute.

💚 - Supports NVIDIA GPU/graphics card (all projects should be assumed to support CPU unless otherwise stated)

❤️ - Support AMD GPU (all projects should be assumed to support CPU unless otherwise stated)

✖️ - Supports OS X (all projects should be assumed to support Windows & Linux unless otherwise stated)

ChatGPT will gobble up every symbolic manipulation task I give to it. At worst, sometimes I have to check its output and point out anything weird, then it'll correct it.

I'm writing pages over pages of scary differential equations and the damn thing is saving me lots of time on it. And everything checks out! I wonder about GPT 4, since it is supposed to give correct answers without help as often as the average calculus student...

The regular elo formula is complicated.

The most basic elo formula is win = 1 points, draw = 0, lose = -1. Which is a little too basic.

I looked around and couldn't find a 'medium difficulty' elo formula. Anyone have a medium difficulty proposal?

Regular elo formula:

The Elo rating system embodies this by using a formula that changes a player's rating by adding K(S-E) to his rating each time. K is a constant that is the same for all players; the higher it is, the more easily your rating changes. S is the score of the player in a match (+1 for a win, 0 for a loss). E is the expected score of the player in the match. Against a weak player, it is close to 1 since you expect a strong player to beat a weak player most of the time. Conversely, against a stronger player, it is close to 0. You can calculate E using the formula E_A = 1/(1+10(R_B-R_A/400)), where E_A is the expect score of player A with rating R_A when faced with player B with rating R_B.

Beginner-friendly derivation of an alternative expression of the gamma function.

Walk around a house that exists in a non-Euclidean space called a 3-sphere.