In case anyone else also sees a paywall: https://archive.is/9Pc44
h34d
Klaus Martin Schwab (German: [klaʊs ˈmaʁtiːn ʃvaːp]; born 30 March 1938) is a German engineer, economist, and founder of the World Economic Forum (WEF). [...] Schwab was professor of business policy at the University of Geneva from 1972 to 2003 [...] While Schwab declared that excessively high management salaries were "no longer socially acceptable",[30] his own annual salary of about one million Swiss francs (a little more than $1 million USD) has been repeatedly questioned by the media.
-- Wikipedia
Now, you might think that sounds more like a typical neo-liberal than anything, but don't be fooled. Luckily we got the guy with the racist meme username above to enlighten us that this guy is really the second coming of Karl Marx. ^/s^
Mali, not Malaysia, which has the .my suffix.
You're not wrong about the second half of your sentence, but it is quite common, unfortunately. Besides, I think the cow in the picture is meant to be representative for the entire meat industry, not just beef (other meats are still terrible for the climate, of course, just not as bad as beef).
Stargate, Dune (1984), and the Riddick films
I like those too, in particular Dune and the Chronicles of Riddick, but they all have audience scores above 60% (and Stargate and Dune are from the last millennium if we're sticking to that requirement).
Reign of Fire only has a 42% (Critics), 49% (Audience) rating on RT, but I enjoyed it quite a bit. The visuals and sets create a nice moody post-apocalyptic vibe, and the actors deliver decent performances imo.
It's standard markdown afaik. Two new lines creates a new paragraphs, two spaces and one new line creates just a new line.
1234 people have already viewed this offer
sounds legit
Both the popular article linked in the op as well as the actual paper seem to use the terms "liberal/conservative" and "leftist/rightist" interchangeably. Quote from the paper:
It is necessary to note that, first, similar to previous studies on this topic that consider the left–right dimension equivalent to the liberal–conservative dimension (Fuchs and Klingemann, 1990; Hasson et al., 2018), throughout this paper, the terms leftist and liberal (and similarly, rightist and conservative) were used interchangeably. The liberal–conservative dimension is often used in the United States, whereas the left–right dimension is commonly used in Europe and Israel (Hasson et al., 2018).
There were "only" 55 participants, but I assume that if some of them identified as socialist, they would already be included under "leftist/liberal" for the purpose of the study.
Thanks for giving additional explanation. I was trying to keep my reply relatively short and agree with most of what you said.
Although the article is behind a paywall (which is somewhat strange in cosmology, but I digress), you can check other articles by the same author that also use the “varying constants” framework, for example https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11667. His framework is that the speed of light c, the Planck constant h, the Boltzmann constant k and the Gravitational constant G depend directly on time, or to be more precise, on the expansion factor of the universe.
Thanks for the arxiv link. I was aware that some people did stuff like this (time-varying fundamental constants), but the abstract only speaking of "coupling constants" made me think of Λ (and G), not fundamental constants. There are some theories that motivate a varying speed of light, for example (Hořava–Lifshitz gravity comes to mind), but this doesn't seem to be motivated by any theory in particular, as far as I can tell. I also agree with you that it seems quite weird to give c, h, and k a time dependence each, only to then have them all be functions of G.
Since this is a time-dependent change, there is no real way to significantly test the hypothesis (unlike the energy-dependent changes).
I'm not sure if I fully agree with this. Shouldn't varying c, h, and k with time clearly change any observable related to the dispersion of light and gravitational waves, or black body radiation (among many other things)? And if we had access to even just one of those from different times during cosmological evolution (where the change should be much larger than between a few decades in the present), we should in principle be able to check if the proposed scaling law holds quite easily. Of course, the author could always make the variation with time small enough to avoid contradicting experiment (which would make it indeed unfalsifiable in practice), but that seems to go against the main idea of using these time-varying fundamental constants to explain some aspects of cosmological evolution. My guess now would be that the paywalled paper modifies the relation between redshift and time to undo the "damage" done by modifying the constants. Nevertheless, it wouldn't surprise me much if this kind of scaling is already ruled out implicitly by some data, as I can't imagine it not affecting a lot of different observables, but maybe I'm also overestimating the experimental cosmological data available at present, or the strength of the variance the author proposes.
According to my understanding, yes. For example, it is usually assumed that there was a period of time shortly after inflation when matter was in a quark-gluon plasma, which would imply a larger strong coupling than today, since a small strong coupling is associated to confinement. There was also the electroweak-epoch, during which the electromagnetic and weak interactions were unified, and the corresponding gauge bosons were massless. The masses of the W and Z bosons can thus also be regarded as time-varying, as well as the electron charge. However, it should be noted that these changes are not all that significant on the cosmological scales under investigation here (e.g. the quark epoch ended at about 10^-6^ seconds after the big bang, which is much much less than the age of the universe, and it's assumed that it still took quite a while before the first stars formed). A time-varying cosmological constant could potentially be much more relevant (and some quantum gravity theories even predict it), and I've heard some people suggesting it as a potential solution for the H0 tension. However, I unfortunately can't access the paper and assess what precisely the author did there, and whether it is in any way similar to what I just mentioned.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows/dev-home/