especially since there does not seem to be a huge need to move large quantities of items over long distances
This will change as you get later in the game. For example, you need quartz and bauxite for aluminum processing; there aren't many pure nodes of either close to each other, so unless you want to set up an aluminum factory multiple times, it's better to train them into a central location.
The recipes aren't so much the issue with aluminum, as is building your machines in a way such that everything flows nicely is.
I agree that trains in this game are very unwieldy. In Factorio, my favorite station design was having a rail branch up/down two rail blocks, train station, then back into the main rail. Quick, easy, very compact. No such structure in satisfactory; 5 foundations wide just to branch off the main rail, plus 2.5 more to accommodate the width of the station..
GROND